TOPCon has rapidly become the mainstream successor to PERC in global PV manufacturing .i-TOPCon (industrial Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact) technology introduces: An ultra-thin tunnel oxide layer Highly doped polysilicon passivation Reduced recombination losses Higher open-circuit voltage (Voc) This results in: Higher conversion efficiency Improved temperature coefficients Exceptional performance stability over time. 1 N-Type vs. P-Type Cells Traditional P-Type PERC modules suffer from: Light-Induced Degradation (LID) Light- and elevated Temperature-Induced Degradation (LeTID) Faster long-term performance decline By contrast, N-Type cells offer: Near-zero LID and LeTID Higher carrier lifetime Superior low-light and high-temperature performance Higher long-term energy yield